How Charles Dickens’ Life Influenced Oliver Twist Essay -- essays pape

How Charles Dickens’ Life Influenced Oliver Twist â€Å"The range of his creative activity is, in the first place, limited to the world of his youth† (Cecil 169). This quote explains many people. What has previously happened to a person has a tremendous impact on them. It can affect their decisions, emotions, and life. The life of a person can sometimes be seen quite easily through what they do. Artists often reveal what their life has been like through the works that they create. The same can be said about writers. Events in authors past often show up in his works. The above quote is, in fact, made in regard to Charles Dickens. Dickens had several real life experiences of poverty and abandonment in his life that influenced his work, Oliver Twist. The times of poverty and abandonment in Charles Dickens’ life instilled a political belief in Dickens’ mind against the new poor laws of Great Britain. Dickens’ felt the new poor laws victimized the poor, failed to give the poor a voice, and were in need of change. These points are shown in Oliver Twist through the characters, scenes, and narration Dickens’ uses throughout the book. Dickens lived a life full of events that would later influence his novels. Dickens grew up during a time of change for Great Britain. By the time he was born in 1812, the Industrial Revolution was in full force. Dickens grew up as a normal middle-class child in Portsmouth, Great Britain. It was around the age of twelve that his life took a drastic turn. Dickens was still a child when his father was imprisoned for debt. Families, at this time, lived with the father in prison. Charles did not live in prison, though. Instead, he was sent to live alone and become a laborer at Warren’s Blacking Facto... ...r Twist† The Immortal Dickens. London, 1925. 63-87. Rpt in Oliver Twist. Ed. Fred Kaplan. New York: Norton & Company, 1993. Skim Greene, Graham. â€Å"The Young Dickens.† Collected Essays. 1969. Rpt. in Nineteenth Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 3. Ed. Laurie L. Harris. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1983. Pg. 176. MacKenzie, Jeanne. Dickens, A Life. USA: British Library Cataloguing in Publication, 1979. Skim. Murray, Brian. Charles Dickens. New York: Continuum, 1994. Skim Paroissien, David. Letter to Noah Laible, 15 Feb 2000. Taine, Hippolyte A. History of English Literature, Vol 4. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1965. Pg. 117-163. Wall, Stephan. â€Å"The Letters of Charles Dickens, 1856-1858.† Essays in Criticism 47.1 (1997): 78-87. Wills, Garry. â€Å"Love in the lower depths.† The New York Review of Books 26 Oct 1989: 60-68.

Clean Edge Razor: Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning Essay

A well-known health and beauty company, Paramount is launching a high-technology nondisposable razor, Clean Edge. They are searching for the most efficient way to gain market share. Their concerns come down to three main problems: whether they should target niche market and price the product in the super-premium segment, or aim mainstream market and gain broad appeal, ;whether they should just emphasize the product name â€Å"Clean Edge† or add â€Å"Paramount† at the front to broaden brand image;whether they should sustain current market allocations and focus on niche market or increase the marketing budget for extensive advertisement in the mainstream market. Analysis In the past, nondisposable razors merely served as hair removing tool for the vast majority of the population. However, according to Exhibit 1, as personal images became important in social life, hair removing routine became a means of gaining confidence for some people. For this reason, customers started to seek nondisposable razor that not only effectively removes hair but also protects skin, and further gives them sense of luxury by utilizing the best technology. Understanding customers’ tendency to always search for newest and advanced products, Paramount developed Clean Edge using their unique technology. Although they were confident about quality of their product, their competitive position was not stable. They had two big competitors, Benet & Klein and Prince which already had loyal customers throughout the world, not to mention other new competitors that started to threaten Paramount with their groundbreaking products. Moreover, because Benet & Klein and Prince’ s expenditures in advertising exceeded those of Paramount, it was difficult for Paramount to take away the market share and brand recognition. Using 4P strategy to analyze Paramount’s potential was helpful. Clean Edge is a very competitive and advanced product that can attract a lot of men of all ages. They also have increasing retail channels that allow them to sell Clean Edge in a diversity  of venues. The problem occurs when determining the price of this product and finding promotional outlets. If the price of Clean Edge is lower than other existing nondisposable razors, it certainly would gain broader appeal, but will not be welcomed by customers who are looking for high-end products. This possibly would bring about cannibalization, eating out their own brand image. On the other hand, if the price is higher than other existing nondisposable razors, it may successfully enter niche market, but customers who are already loyal to Paramount may be wooed away to seek for other brands. Their decision on a proper price point also influences their promotional strategies. If they decide to remain in the niche market they only need to target a specific customer group who would be intrigued b y their products, thus, their expenditures in advertising would likely decrease. This is more effortless and direct, since Paramount is already aware of the demographic segment of the market. However, they would have to cultivate certain promotional strategies to build firm and intimate relationship with potentially would become loyal customers of Paramount. If they maintain a mainstream position, their revenue would increase since they would sell more, but they would have to conceive ways of getting more customers involved, from advertisements using media to discount promotions. This can be clearly seen in Exhibit 7. Although in niche positioning, production unit cost is higher and unit volume is much lower than in mainstream positioning, advertising and promotion costs are more than two times lower. Their effort of reaching out to more people is revealed in promotion costs. Recommendation Niche Market – From Exhibit 5, it is clear that Paramount’s market share is steadily increasing while other competitors’ market shares are slightly fluctuating. This is definitely the perfect timing for Paramount to improve their brand quality by entering to the niche market, at the same time slowing down strong growth of new competitors. According to financial data (see appendix 1), it is true that net profit is much higher in mainstream positioning, due to higher volume and lower unit cost. However, considering that Paramount’s nondisposable razor market share is continuously increasing from Paramount Pro and Avail, which are not super-premium products, suddenly introducing Clean Edge in the mainstream market to get mass appeal would  cannibalize Paramount’s existing brands, potentially degrading Paramount as a ‘cheap brand’. Do not keep â€Å"by the Paramount† label – Considering that Prince and Benet & Klein are stil l better known to customers not just for the razors but also for other health and beauty products, it is uneasy for Paramount to get their brand name widespread in the market, especially when they are spending less budget on advertising. Radiance, the new competitor that specifically targeted super-premium razor market and spent $16.1 million dollars on advertising in 2010, successfully entered and survived the competition, and gradually gained title of ‘super-premium’ brand. On the other hand, because Paramount originally started with mid-low priced value products, it is difficult to predict customers’ reaction when they launch Clean Edge with the name of Paramount. Predictions may vary but some customers would not trust the high-end products made by Paramount. Since some Paramount executives believe design is the major breakthrough that will differentiate Clean Edge from other nondisposable razors, Paramount can start off with a whole new image, without having to attach their brand name. A good example is Lexus, the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation. One of the biggest reasons why Lexus gained worldwide profit was because they did not emphasize the quotidian brand of Toyota. Sustain current allocations but partially increase advertising budget- Advertising is a necessity when it comes to launching new product. Nonetheless Clean Edge has a groundbreaking design, without the support of advertisement, it is impos sible to attract customers to try new products. It is reasonable to put more budget allocations, but using a completely different approach from mainstream positioning. Promotions such as free trials or cents-off coupons are for customer groups that are easily affected by fluctuating prices. What Paramount is aiming for is the customer groups that are seeking for high-end luxury products that would generate social and emotional satisfaction. Traditional TV and Newspaper advertisements may suit such a niche market, since a lot of customers who tend to use nondisposable razors are in older age groups. Accordingly, good customer service in making them feel special is essential to the niche market. Especially because involved razor users believe shaving is a way of improving their self-esteem, they would want to be treated in a way that they are being cared. Using social media to constantly connect with  the customers is a great approach to win over customers’ mind. Allocating budget in customer service therefore, is another w ay to gain loyal customers.

Intellectual Property And Computing Technology - 1207 Words

Intellectual Property through the development of computing technology Intellectual Property refers to any original creative work manifested in a substantial form that can be protected. When an intellectual property right is mentioned, it refers to controlling the manner in which intellectual property is used, distributed or accessed. The intellectual property right is enforced by the World Intellectual Property Organization which is an organ of the United Nations. The organization holds that intellectual property rights are those rights that a person has over their own mind creations (Bagheri and Casprini 33-34). The World Intellectual Property Organization gives the creators exclusive rights over the use of their creation for a given period of time. This essay will focus on the history, how intellectual property and computing technology work together, the different forms of IP and protecting them. The operations and functionality of various industries across the world continue to c hange rapidly since the 21st Century. The change process started around the mid of the 20th Century when the industries began evolving on the design and innovation process. This marked the beginning of the adoption of new means of information flow due to the advent of computers and computing technology. Information technology and computers aided in the rapid advancement in various fields (Bagheri and Casprini 37-38). The ever increasing scope of making better designs, invention of modernShow MoreRelatedEthical Computing: Copying Music or Software from Another Person or over the Internet1338 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Computing: Determining the Ethicacy of Copying Music or Software From Another Person or over the Internet Introduction The pervasive nature of the Internet has made the copying of music and software exceptionally easy, fast and for the most part, undetectable. 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