Culture Shock Essays - Cultural Anthropology, Cultural Relativism

Culture Shock Essays - Cultural Anthropology, Cultural Relativism Culture Shock Culture Shock The United States of America is a nation wherein numerous individuals from everywhere throughout the world comes to live agreeably with one another. In contrast to Canada, which is a multicultural nation, it is a mixture since every individual carries his quirk to advance the way of life of this nation. Yet, this dissolving procedure isn't generally without torment or harmed. I felt the life in Canada is progressively open to According to John J. Macionis, the creator of Sociology, optional Canadian release. Culture stun is a condition of bewilderment, nervousness, confusion and trouble as an individual abruptly presented to a social or social condition profoundly unique in relation to his own. It happens much of the time for the universal understudies and migrants. Culture clashes show up not just when understudies come to class and learn better approaches for living there, yet in addition when they return home and live with their own families or their own social orders. The purpose behind that is the understudies are youthful and simple to change, however the grown-ups are not prepared to follow their model and adjust to the new circumstance. At the point when I originally come to live in the states, my arrangement of qualities must change with the goal for me to endure. At the point when I previously went to the states, I was ill-equipped to live there, that is the reason I generally experience the ill effects of pressure on account of culture stun. I feel that understudy educator connections in North American are not equivalent to they were in Hong Kong. Hong Kong understudies regularly have high respect for their educators. In Hong Kong, understudies never call their instructor by their first name, since it isn't aware to the educator. Likewise, they falter to ask or to answer inquiries in class since they would prefer not to lose their face in indicating their obliviousness before the class, and at times in light of the fact that their English isn't adequate to shape an unmistakable inquiry. Furthermore, on the off chance that they offer an inappropriate response it embarrasses them as well as welcomes disgrace on their families. Hong Kong understudies were educated to be unobtrusive and not to show their insight openly until being uncommonly cal led for. Every one of these things can prompt misconception since my educators imagined that I was excessively modest, or moronic, or anomalous. Some of the time while being legitimately requested a few inquiries, in contrast to American understudies, which are increasingly inventive and can generally offer a quick response, I need to set aside a long effort to thoroughly consider the inquiry, since I was reluctant to offer the wrong response. Educators frequently feel awkward with my quietness and will in general decipher my quietness as a marker of my powerlessness to respond to an inquiry. It's a typical thing that American instructors anticipate that Asian understudies should request that they clarify something troublesome. Be that as it may, Hong Kong understudies don't do this as we have seen before. Additionally, their criticism once in a while prompts all the more misconstruing. At the point when educators see their understudies hear them out in grinning or in head gesturing , they envision that these understudies comprehend the subject well overall. As a general rule, a few understudies cover their feelings and simply act like that to be amiable, since they believe that on the off chance that they would pose inquiry, the instructors would be harmed for their educating was not satisfactory enough for the class. I was having low desire from the educator around then and that influences my learning. I was pushed and felt bewilderment all the time in school. Numerous educators don't regard their minority students as clever understudies, and maybe subsequently, their minority understudies bomb in their classes (Scarcella, 139). In Hong Kong, understudies remain in a similar study hall with a fixed seat ordinarily in an equivalent year while their educators go to their group to instruct them. In this manner, understudies can have numerous companions who consistently do very similar things with them. This assisted with building an all the more close and stable connection between understudies. Understudies are increasingly reliant. What are significant isn't me yet we. In America, the individuals are increasingly individualistic. Individuals just seek after their very own accomplishment and satisfaction. Connections between individuals are regularly numerous yet transitory or easygoing. I felt individuals just consideration about themselves and I felt that they are exceptionally narrow minded. At that

Windows Server and Clients Using Hardware Router and Switches

Question: Examine about theWindows Server and Clients Using Hardware Router and Switches. Answer: Presentation An organization named JKL requires an arrangement a LAN for the fundamental office situated in Melbourne and other office arranged in Sydney. The two workplaces have three distinct offices named as Operations, Finance and Marketing. All stuff which is of these offices must have their different authoritative units or in short structure OUs. Customers are in expecting of certain advancements and framework that must be executed in their LAN. They are additionally talked about beneath. Incorporated User Authentication Focal Authentication Service or incorporated client verification or usually brought in short as CAS is convention for web that is structured is such a way, that it permits a client to sing on into various administrations or application with his o her qualifications entered once. It additionally helps different electronic applications and projects to validate any individual or client while not getting any delicate data of the individual for instance secret word. Numerous PC programs which have the CAS word engraved legitimizes that the usage of the innovation is being available. An individual can exploit this framework and make organizing and getting to databases much without any problem. It spares time and makes computational work more astute. This is a convention and as each convention it contains parties like internet browser of customer client, web program attempt to get authorization for validation. It additionally gets in back end works programs like database server which isn't having its committed HTTP framework however cooperates with web program. The framework works along these lines, when a customer or a client enters an application or program the program or the application in a split second moves into CAS. After that the CAS checks and affirms the client ID and secret key fir the particular chose office. After approval of pre inputted accreditations the CAS returns to the client or customer and it gives an assistance ticket then the framework checks the ticket for secure data and continues to give access without the loss of security. CAS just permits clients or customers to get to ensured touchy information. CAS additionally permits multi grade validation administration by means of intermediary address. An organizing administration with nearness of back-end framework can just like a database, information serve, sends ever can just join the Centralized client confirmation convention administration. A broadly utilized case of CAS in our every day life i s mail web customer and mail web server. By execution of this innovation the organization will have a superior security framework which will shield from hacking and dangers. Alongside this JKL organization will have a superior database the executives and availability framework introduced in their PC and system stage. Among different kinds of CAS server includes most will be very fundamental for JKL organization making the move all the more productively and actually redesigned. CAS was one level once and now we can encounter multi program confirmation framework. CAS is made various key segments including numerous systems and made it workup to fulfill necessities of clients and customers. IP Addresses from a DHCP Server Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or in the blink of an eye called DHCP is a general system convention having capacity in web convention organizing. This convention is being instructed by DHCP server which partitions organize particular parameters like IP addresses for interface framework and application administrations. A switch or a household door must be actuated to make a DHCP server. This server makes PCs to request that consent get IP locations and system arrangement all alone, diminishing the prerequisite of system director or a PC client to physically change the settings. Without the dynamic host arrangement convention each system associated gadget should be physically enlisted on the IP address. This dispenses with a great deal of time and it is an ideal efficient answer for individuals searching for keen systems administration. DHCP can change and completely control the TCP/IP settings making it very incredible convention to be utilized in the whole chain of systems admin istration advancements. As of current time a wide scope of spots are adjusted to this DHCP server framework keeping up the system design appropriately. It depends completely on the customer server design. At the point when a client on a PC or any gadget interfaces with the system, the DHCP client program sends an authorization question to demand vital information. Any kind of DHCP server can react this solicitation. Since the DHCP server handles a huge amount of IP locations and information data about client detail like default entryway, name servers, time servers, space name. The reaction of the solicitation can be executed from multiple points of view and it relies upon what sort of information the customer PC asks and need. On that premise the DHCP server will send explicit data for every client mentioning information. On tremendous systems which are comprising of various connections, a solitary DHCP server may work for the whole system when guided by DHCP bolster specialists arranged on the bury joining switches. Such specialists transport messages between DHCP servers and the clients utilizing DHCP which are situated on discrete subnet. This makes one for all use and lessens venture over numerous system control conventions and assists with keeping up and administration it in essential. So along these lines all PCs will ask for and procure their IP addresses from the principle DHCP server and will make the systems administration effective and fast(whatismyipaddress, 2016). Separate IIS Server Setup IIS or otherwise called Internet Information Server is a huge web server planned by Microsoft for use with Windows NT family. It has support for HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP. With Windows NT buddy this web server it contains set of projects or application for making and controlling sites, an internet searcher, and help for composing online projects that get to databases. Windows NT have light reconciliation of IIS and makes quicker page moving. Essentially IIS arrangement is an arrangement that incorporates a client or an organization to keep up a few site pages and furthermore they can suit a wide scope of database joining with appropriate administration of them. Web program designers can code and execute projects and make them present in their website pages and IIS is being utilized for it(Techtarget, 2016). Microsoft included uncommon capacities for server executives structured in a one of a kind to ask to Internet specialist organizations (ISPs). It contains a solitary work page from which all administrations or projects and clients or customers can be controlled. It is made to be sans bother to include parts as fast that isn't at first introduced. The managerial windows can be changed for access by customers or clients. Web Information Server (IIS) is one of the most dynamic web servers from Microsoft which is utilized to host and give Internet-based projects or applications to ASP.NET and ASP Web programs. A web server is answerable for giving an input to demands that originate from customers. At the point when a solicitation shows up from client to server IIS takes that demand from customers and completes it and sends data back to customers. Web Information Server (IIS) has its devoted ASP.NET Process Engine to deal with the ASP.NET demand. The way toward designing an ASP.NET progra m relies upon adaptation of IIS the program is running on to the extent similarity issues are taken. Web data server contains a heap of utilizations for making and controlling Web programs, web crawlers, and help for coding Web-based projects which get to databases, for example, SQL server. With IIS, a PC can be turned as a web server serving essential databases and gives the capacity to make and apply ASP.NET web programs on the server. Clients or customers can likewise set security for a committed site for explicit customers and PC so as to make sure about it from unapproved get to or from hacking. More current models of IIS hold a can of security includes that shields from indirect access breaking and a lot all the more coming about is a protected database strengthening in the whole web. In this manner it is a lot of dependable in everyday use. What's more, it will assist the organization with hosting a site very likely(Techtarget, 2016). Separate File Server A committed document server is required by the organization which will have various measures to ensure information and just approve constrained and suitable clients to get to it. In processing and capacity innovation, a document server or system stockpiling server is a PC associated with a systems administration framework that holds the significant capacity of giving a zone for shared plate consent of access, as shared stockpiling of PC information, (for example, data records, dll records, media records, programming records and some more) that can be gotten to by the PCs that are associated with a similar PC organize. The word server shows crafted by the equipment in the clientserver model, where the clients are the PCs utilizing the capacity. A record server isn't intended to do computational and preparing employments, and don't run any projects for its customers. It is made exclusively to initiate the capacity and repossession of information while the calculation is dropped by the PCs. A record server can be submitted or not as it depends of client necessity and condition. A devoted server is considered deliberately for practice as a document server, with PCs associated for altering records and databases according to prerequisite of customers or clients. Record servers may likewise be recognized by the way toward getting to it(Turnkeylinux, 2016). Web document servers are generally used by File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or by HTTP, however are not at all like from web servers which as a rule give dynamic web content alongside different static records. Those servers which are on a LAN are commonly utilized by SMB/CIFS convention for Windows frameworks or NFS convention for UNIX frameworks. Database servers, that offer admission to an aggregate database through record gadget driver, are not considered as document serve

Junot Díaz Accused Of #MeToo Misconduct

Junot Díaz Accused Of #MeToo Misconduct Zinzi Clemmons, author of novel What We Lose, accused Junot Díaz of cornering and kissing her. The accusation was made on Twitter early May 4, with several other writers chiming in. In Clemmonss original tweet, she says, As a grad student, I invited Junot Diaz to speak to a workshop on issues of representation in literature. I was an unknown wide-eyed 26 yo, and he used it as an opportunity to corner and forcibly kiss me. Im far from the only one hes done this 2, I refuse to be silent anymore. As a grad student, I invited Junot Diaz to speak to a workshop on issues of representation in literature. I was an unknown wide-eyed 26 yo, and he used it as an opportunity to corner and forcibly kiss me. Im far from the only one hes done this 2, I refuse to be silent anymore. zinziclemmons (@zinziclemmons) May 4, 2018 Revelations were also made by Carmen Maria Machado, author of Her Body and Other Parties, that illuminate Diazs unhealthy views towards women. In response to Clemmonss original tweet, Machado writes: During his tour for THIS IS HOW YOU LOSE HER, Junot Díaz did a QA at the grad program Id just graduated from. When I made the mistake of asking him a question about his protagonists unhealthy, pathological relationship with women, he went off for me for twenty minutes. During his tour for THIS IS HOW YOU LOSE HER, Junot Díaz did a QA at the grad program Id just graduated from. When I made the mistake of asking him a question about his protagonists unhealthy, pathological relationship with women, he went off for me for twenty minutes. https://t.co/7wuQOarBIJ Carmen Maria Machado (@carmenmmachado) May 4, 2018 In a string of tweets, Machado elaborates: He asked me to back up my claim with evidence. I cited several passages from the book in front of me. He raised his voice, paced, implied I was a prude who didnt know how to read or draw reasonable conclusions from text. He asked me to back up my claim with evidence. I cited several passages from the book in front of me. He raised his voice, paced, implied I was a prude who didnt know how to read or draw reasonable conclusions from text. Carmen Maria Machado (@carmenmmachado) May 4, 2018 That night, I went to his reading at a local venue, Machado tweeted. When he got up after his introduction, he said, Today, someone complained that there was too much cheating in this book. This is for them. Then he read the stories/passages Id cited hours earlier. That night, I went to his reading at a local venue. When he got up after his introduction, he said, Today, someone complained that there was too much cheating in this book. This is for them. Then he read the stories/passages Id cited hours earlier. Carmen Maria Machado (@carmenmmachado) May 4, 2018 In the intervening years, Ive heard easily a dozen stories about fucked-up sexual misconduct on his part and felt weirdly lucky that all (all) I got was a blast of misogynist rage and public humiliation. In the intervening years, Ive heard easily a dozen stories about fucked-up sexual misconduct on his part and felt weirdly lucky that all (all) I got was a blast of misogynist rage and public humiliation. Carmen Maria Machado (@carmenmmachado) May 4, 2018 And it sucks for a very particular reason: people of color are so underrepresented in publishing, we have deep attachments to those who succeed. People are defensive about JD because there are so few high-profile Latinx authors. I get it. That doesnt change the facts. And it sucks for a very particular reason: people of color are so underrepresented in publishing, we have deep attachments to those who succeed. People are defensive about JD because there are so few high-profile Latinx authors. I get it. That doesnt change the facts. Carmen Maria Machado (@carmenmmachado) May 4, 2018 Junot Díaz is a widely lauded, utterly beloved misogynist. His books are regressive and sexist. He has treated women horrifically in every way possible. And the #MeToo  stories are just starting. ¯\_(?)_/ ¯ Junot Díaz is a widely lauded, utterly beloved misogynist. His books are regressive and sexist. He has treated women horrifically in every way possible. And the #MeToo stories are just starting. ¯_(?)_/ ¯ Carmen Maria Machado (@carmenmmachado) May 4, 2018 Others on Twitter speculate that Diazs widely read April New Yorker essay The Silence: The Legacy of Childhood Trauma, was in part an attempt to deflect blame from future allegations. Do you think he was trying to pre-empt this from coming out with the essay he wrote in the New Yorker about being raped as a child? Like Kevin Spaceys Im gay diversion? Bina Shah (@BinaShah) May 4, 2018 In the essay, he says that he hurt women. Writer Clarkisha Kent sums it up pretty well: I hadnt been keeping up w/ Junot Díaz recently. But to hear that hed written some article for the New Yorker in April, confessing that he hurt women finding out that it was probably a preemptive cover for the misogyny assault hes committed against them is reprehensible. I hadnt been keeping up w/ Junot Díaz recently. But to hear that hed written some article for the New Yorker in April, confessing that he hurt women finding out that it was probably a preemptive cover for the misogyny assault hes committed against them is reprehensible. Clarkisha Kent: Space Deebo Must Die (@IWriteAllDay_) May 4, 2018 As of this writing, no official charges have been filed. The story, so far, is unfolding on Twitter. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Domestic Terrorism And The Attack On 9 / 11 - 1919 Words

Domestic terrorism has been a major threat in the US since the catastrophic event that took place during attack on 9/11. Following the aftermath of the terrorist attack, the US intelligence services and law enforcement agencies emphasized heavily on combating terrorism on global scale as international terrorism was views as the major threat to the public security of the US which caused the issue of domestic terrorism to be overlooked. We have seen many terrorist attacks since the attack on 9/11 that were planned and executed by individuals and groups born and raised in America. Some of those attacks include the Oklahoma City bombing, the Boston marathon bombing. There has also been increasing number of mass shooting by individuals that were identified as to be radicalized by terrorist groups abroad, the most recent mass shooting that was identified as a terrorist act was in Orlando where more than 50 people were killed (Alveraz, p.1). The cases mentioned above will be discussed in de tail later in the essay. Although, American law enforcement agencies are actively conducting intelligence and operational missions to prevent international terrorism, however, the US needs to develop efficient tactics to prevent the rise of domestic terrorism. Otherwise, the United States may face a danger of the unfailing growth of domestic terrorism similar to some of the European countries; such as the United Kingdom. Consequently, law enforcement agencies should concentrate on the preclusionShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Terrorism And Terrorism1064 Words   |  5 PagesPaper Homegrown Terrorism Terrorism is terrorist activity either made on one’s homeland or made on another person’s country, which is/has become a huge concern for the United States. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, the US has taken huge measures to make sure there were not foreign attacks made on US soil again, but what about domestic attacks? The attacks of 9/11 left more than 3,000 civilians dead and more injured, but the number of deaths caused by homegrown terrorism far exceeds thatRead MoreFirst Responder Terrorist Risk: International Terror Events.1737 Words   |  7 Pagesin the U.S. have increasingly been subjected to threats and incidents of terrorism. Both domestic terrorism and international terrorism incidents have occurred with increased frequency in the United States. Domestic terrorism events have occurred more often than international terrorism, and therefore are more of a significant daily threat for first responders at all levels. During the period of 1998-2004, ther e were 98 domestic terror incidents in the U.S. in which 177 people were killed. (Newman pgRead MoreThe Testimony Of Cofer Black1273 Words   |  6 PagesDirector of the CIA’s Counterterrorism Center from 1999-2002, greatly affected my thinking about the domestic intelligence ‘failures’ which led to the inability to foresee or prevent the 9/11 attacks. His testimony, paired with both concurring and clashing views from the 9/11 Commission Report, gave a persuasive ‘defense’ of the intelligence community’s actions and capabilities before September 11, 2001. Three of Black s ‘agreements’ were particularly influential towards my understanding. First,Read MoreEssay about Homeland Security1415 Words   |  6 PagesSince 9/11, terrorism has become a priority for law enforcement and military personnel in the United States. Even more importantly, it has turned into a War on Terrorism. September 11th was the worst terrorist attack ever on the United States. Therefore, our government officials responded in the only way that felt suitable, attacking terrorism. The group responsible for the events of 9/11 is called the Al Qaeda. Al Qaeda is one of the most well known terrorist groups in the world. BecauseRead MoreExamining the Domestic Terror Groups: An Important Study for the Homeland Security667 Words   |  3 Pagesforemost in the public consciousness as a result of al-Qaedas attack on September 11th, 2001, the threat from domestic terror groups remains a central concern of those responsible for homeland security. In fact, while the United States has not suffered from another foreign attack in the decade since 9/11, research by the Federal Bureau of Investigations, along with non-governmental organizations, has found that the number of domestic terror groups has increased, a trend only exacerbated by the economicRead MoreAmerican Neo Orientalism And The Justification For The War On Terror 1426 Words   |  6 PagesShaw 22 February 2016 Ex Oriente Lux: American neo-Orientalism and the Justification for the ‘War on Terror’ The September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon fundamentally changed the dynamic of American identity threatening it’s hegemony and creating a space of insecurity thus necessitating a reassertion of state authority. In particular, the 9/11 post-traumatic space required US participation in an ambiguous ‘War on Terror’ that institutionalized racially charged violenceRead MoreAirline Industry : A Financial Crisis Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesAfter 9/11 many airline companies will be facing a financial crisis that will shape America banks, stock pricing and insurance company’s community. Airline industry after 9/11, will make many changes to foreign policy and national policy, â€Å"the hardest hit business was the airline industry, which suffered major economic damage† (to, H. and Lee, D. (2005). I choose this topic because many Americans really don’t know how 9/11 crippled airline industry. The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 wasRead MoreThe Conflict Of Terrorism During The 9 / 11889 Words   |  4 Pagescommission states: â€Å"the conflict did not begin on 9/11†. The 9/11 report gives several examples of how the conflict of terrorism began many years before that tragic day. The Pentagon became worried about the external threat of terrorism as a result of hostages being taken as early as the 1970’s.There were many events looking back that gave America clues that an attack was planned. Hopefully looking at these events will help America plan to prevent future attacks of this kind. In 1990 external threats toRead MoreDomestic American Terrorism1780 Words   |  7 PagesForeign and domestic policies are not linear, rather the policies are connected in a circle, with each policy reinforcing the values of another. Domestic American terrorism in the prison and detention systems and governmental reforms are influenced by the mobilization and ethnocentrism abroad. The militarization internationally is justified by the domestic handling of the same cultural issues within the United State borders. The United States has strangely used a near Catch-22 to handle dilemmasRead MoreTerrorist Attacks on 9/11 Part 21107 Words   |  5 Pagesof the collapse of a tall, steel structured building. (Reid, 2008) Post Attack Analysts and researchers immediately began predicting what impact these attacks would have on the economy, both short-term and long-term. In one report it explains that the attacks would produce long-term effects to airlines, hotels, travel agencies, upscale restaurants, entertainment, and the suppliers that support those industries. The attacks did have this negative impact on society and caused citizens and suppliers

John Locke Essay - 1215 Words

John Locke John Locke is considered to be England’s most prominent philosopher. He was born August 29, 1632 in a small town of Somerset, which is south of Bristol, England. Locke was the oldest of three children. His mother died when he was 22 years old and Locke spoke of her very well. Locke’s father was a Puritan attorney and clerk to a justice of the peace in the town where Locke was born. He was very strict with his son when he was younger. which Locke later believed that parents should be stricter and less indulgent towards their children. John Locke was raised in a home that was very concerned with education. He was educated mostly in doctrines of political liberty and always surrounded by important political figures†¦show more content†¦In 1671 Locke wrote two drafts of his essay which revolutionized English philosophy. His essay was about the principles of morality and revealed religion. Locke concluded that questions about religious and moral principles could be answered only after thorough investigation of the human understanding and of human knowledge.5 He had many theories and ideas, which he spent most of his life trying to find the answers to. Locke believes that â€Å"everything existing or occurring in a mind either is or includes an idea; and all human knowledge both starts from and is founded on ideas†.6 His ideas and essays caused people to get upset because of the newness of the ideas. Locke believed that everyone should be equal to pursue what he or she wants. He believed that everyone is born perfect and you build on what happen to you in your life. This is the theory of blank slate. At this time in history there were many different theories about why humans were they way they were and what made people evil. Locke believed that society and your surroundings were what made people bad or evil. Locke’s main belief was in â€Å"Life, Liberty, and Property† and he showed all of this in the way he influenced society with his ideas. John Locke not only influenced the people of his time, but he is also still influencing us today. He made us think about ourselves and our relations to the world we liveShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke1098 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Locke was born on August 29, 1632 the son of a country attorney and. Locke grew up in and during the civil war. In 1652, he entered the Christ Church (Oxford) where he remained as a student and teacher for many years. Locke taught and lectured in Greek, rhetoric, and Moral philosophy. Locke, after reading works of Descartes, developed a strong interest in contemporary philosophical and scientific questions and theories. In 1666, Locke met Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, and from then on, this lifelongRead MoreJohn Locke1815 Words   |  8 PagesEnglishmen, John Locke. John Locke was a philosophical influence in both political theory and theoretical philosophy, which was embraced among the era of 1789-1914 and the concept of equal rights among men. John Locke’s writings influenced the works of multiple diplomats concerning liberty and the social contract between society and the government. Locke’s ideology of man and power was the base for the concept of separation of powers. As one of the enlightenment thinkers, John Locke wrote the TwoRead MoreBiography of John Locke876 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke was a British born philosopher, physician, and writer that played a significant role in the framework of The United States. He was born in Wrington, England on August 29th, 1632. A father, also named John, who was a country lawyer, and his mother Anges Keene, raised Locke. Both his parents were Puritans, which influenced his later work immensely (John Locke). Locke’s parents sent him to the famous Westminister School in London where he was led by Alexander Popham, a member of ParliamentRead MoreJohn Locke Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Locke John Locke, born on Aug. 29, 1632, in Somerset, England, was an English philosopher and political theorist. Locke was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he followed the traditional classical curriculum and then turned to the study of medicine and science, receiving a medical degree, but his interest in philosophy was reawakened by the study of Descartes. He then joined the household of Anthony Ashley Cooper, later the earl of Shaftesbury, as a personal physician at first, becomingRead MoreEssay John Locke943 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I argue that the late philosopher Locke has the most compelling theory of metaphysics. First, I explain Locke’s point that all humans are born as Tabula Rasa, in order to gain basic understanding of where Locke begins his theory. Second, I discuss how Locke argues how we obtain knowledge, empiricism and representationalism, and knowledge about the work varies between strong and weak inferences. Third, I will provide counter example s to Locke’s ideas, and will explain why these counterRead MoreJohn Locke And The Self863 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke and â€Å"the Self† Like Hobbes, John Locke was influenced by the scientific revolution and civil war. His notions about the self reflect a concern with all of these realms, names, religion, science, politics and social life. Locke believes in order to exist after death, there has to be a person after death who is the same person as the person who died. Consciousness can be transferred from on substance to another, and thus, while the soul is changed, consciousness remains the same, therebyRead MoreJohn Locke And The Locke Of The United States5485 Words   |  22 PagesFrom Aristotle to John Locke to Thomas Jefferson, the ideas of great philosophers influenced the foundations of the United States. When Jefferson began writing the Declaration of Independence, he wanted to make this new country based on the basic fundamentals. He wanted to base the country on what was considered the natural laws. Jefferson had many philosophical minds to ponder when writing the document, such as Aristotle and most impor tantly John Locke. The writings of John Locke were basic in theRead MoreJohn Locke Enlightenment1191 Words   |  5 Pagescalled John Locke who had ideas on freedom of religion and the rights of citizens and also wrote two books in order to show his points those books are called â€Å"Two Treatises of Civil Government† and â€Å"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding† where he starts to discuss political power, state of nature, difference between state of nature, and state of war, functioning of property and the way the government should be run in the â€Å"two treatises of civil government† and for â€Å"human understanding† Locke discussesRead More`` Candide `` By John Locke1273 Words   |  6 Pagesto decide the ownerships of trophies. That was the time when the idea â€Å"property† was invented. Many wise men in the past, while thinking about a better format for people living together, argued meanings of property to people. British philosopher John Locke in his work Second Treatise of Government separates property as public goods shared by all humans and necessities for living created via labor. The value of property has changed over time, when later French philosopher Voltaire in his novel CandideRead MoreJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes1287 Words   |  6 Pagesone must know how to balance and consider the nature of humankind and their rights. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were both political philosophers who developed theories about how the government should work. They set up their theories around The Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. Although John Locke and Thomas Hobbes had a similar goal, their beliefs and opinions were definitely not the same. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both believed in the Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. They

Restaurant Business Plan Free Essays

string(63) " near Stephens Green and in Graingers along the Malahide road\." Confidentiality Agreement The undersigned reader acknowledges that the information provided in this business plan is confidential; therefore, the reader agrees not to disclose it without the express written permission of The Taster- Amanda Walsh and David Cagney. It is acknowledged by the reader that information to be furnished in this business plan is in all respects confidential in nature, other than information that is in the public domain through other means, and that any disclosure or use of this confidential information by the reader may cause serious harm or damage to The Taster. Upon request, this document is to be immediately returned to The Taster- Amanda Walsh and David Cagney . We will write a custom essay sample on Restaurant Business Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Signature: Name: Amanda Walsh David Cagney Date This is a business plan. It does not imply offering of securities. (1) Executive Summary The Grab: Do you want to expand your horizons when it comes to good quality Italian cuisine? The Taster offers you the opportunity to sample food before ordering off the menu free of charge. They recognized that people stick to their comfort zone when it comes to ordering food in restaurants and wanted to change this by letting the customers excite their taste buds. The Problem: A problem the restaurant is preparing to face is to distinguish between serious customers who have an interest in trying new cuisines and customers who come into the restaurant and take advantage of the service in a negative way and don’t appreciate the offer that is provided. This problem could have serious repercussions and affect the profit of the business significantly and therefore must be controlled. The Solution: The solve this issue the staff have to monitor the customers closely, allowing customers limited samples of the food to ensure they don’t fill up on free samples and leave. The chef’s responsibility is to ensure each customer only receives a bite size amount of the food, over indulging the customers will eat into the profits and defeat the purpose of the service provided. The Opportunity: It can be rather challenging to target different market segments simultaneously but at The Taster restaurant we are planning on catering to a wide customer base. We segmented the market according to Geographic, Demographic and Psychographic. Our market size is relatively small in comparison to world wide international restaurant chains for example the Hard Rock cafà © however we do have the potential to grow in the market and expand our business in Ireland and possibly the United Kingdom. Your Competitive Advantage: Currently there are six other restaurants in the area and it puts the Taster in direct competition with Casa Pasta Pizza. The menus that the two restaurants offer are very similar as they are both Italian cuisines however the taster has an advantage over them as they have a potential unique selling point of sampling the food as mentioned above. The Model: The Taster aim to generate revenue from their target market by creating a ground-breaking, unique restaurant with a relaxed sophisticated atmosphere that will clearly differentiate the restaurant from others. The main goal is to use nothing but high quality fresh Italian ingredients and to approach each customer with the highest standard of service imaginable all of the time with none expectations what so ever. This makes the restaurant scalable as it has the potential to generate growth in the revenues considerably faster than its cost base. The Team: The team at The Taster have the ability to achieve all the goals and succeed in the business and it grows and becomes more successful. When hiring staff for the restaurant only qualified, trained and experienced people will be made part of the team. Highly motivated and enthusiastic people will be favoured. Additional training will be provided as the restaurant wants the highest level of customer service and for customers needs to be dealt with before the customer even anticipates them to allow them to have an incredible dining experience. Financials: Our financial projections for the first five years are as follows. The key driver to succeed is that the company needs to successfully operate through the first year in order to provide adequate cash flow to be self-sufficient in year two. The Ask: The initial financing available to the company in addition to the capital contributions from the owners, will allow The Taster to successfully open and maintain operations for the initial five years of business and offer the customers in the Donnybrook area a unique dining experience. Start-up costs and initial financing are as follows. Jane Ericson will be investing $20,000 of savings and guaranteeing a loan for another $30,000 with personal assets. In addition, the business will receive an interest-free loan from a family member of $10,000, to be repaid within the first year. (figures to be changed) (2) Team and company The Taster was founded in 2011 by Amanda Walsh and David Cagney who are the two joint investors in the project. They created Italian restaurant that offers customers fresh homemade Italian food at a reasonable price. There is also the opportunity for the customer to taste a bite sized amount of the food if they are unsure before ordering. They will offer a few different types of menus depending on the day of the week and time of day including lunch and early bird menus during the week and set menus and lunch menus at the weekend. The Taster will be open seven days a week, serving lunch and early bird menus Monday till Thursday and set menus and al la carte menus Friday till Sunday. What relevant experience has the team got? David Cagney has been working as a bar man for the past two years in the Aviva Stadium. He has recently graduated from the Aviva Academy which was a significant achievement as he was picked from a group of one hundred applicants out of two hundred. David has also worked as a part-time waiter in Foleys Bar, near Stephens Green and in Graingers along the Malahide road. You read "Restaurant Business Plan" in category "Papers" Amanda has over two years’ experience as a chef and a waitress for the Bad Ass Cafà © in Temple Bar. As we have both have experience in the hospitality industry, their skills complement each other which makes it easier to occasionally share ideas and views on how to take their business proposition to the next level. What are the gaps in the team? Both members of the team are very weak when it comes to the financial aspects of setting up a business. They contracted professional accounts to help with this aspect of the business as it is a very important. The businesses needed someone to draw up a cash flow, profit and loss account and a balance sheet for their financial projections. Has the team worked successfully in the past? The team have not worked with each other in the past, except for the development of their feasibility study. Despite the fact that they have never worked with each other they are making significant progress and working alongside each other throughout the project. Are they well known in the industry? The team are currently not well known in the industry as they have never worked with each other in order to make a name for themselves. They are confident that their ideas will satisfy customers’ expectations and will make their dining experience a pleasant one, one which they will want to go back and tell all their friends and family about. Who has the experience with solving this customer problem? The team will only gain this experience by actually going out and setting up the business, with the skills they have picked whilst working in the hospitality sector. Who has experience selling competitive offerings to this market? Both Amanda and David have limited experience on how to sell competitive offerings, although they have some knowledge in relation pricing strategies from their marketing studies. They believe that how they’ll price their menus as opposed to other Italian restaurants in the market i. e. , Casa Pasta and Pizza, will be vital in the early stages of their launch. 3) Product and market The opportunity problem: Value proposition: The Taster restaurant satisfies the customers’ needs of eating out and gives them the knowledge they need behind them when ordering food. Waiters can be very vague when describing the taste of the dishes that customers are curious about and a lot of times have never tasted the foods themselves. The Tasters gives the diners an opportunity to try the foods so they can have their own opinion and peace of mind when a ordering a new dish or something a bit different, so they know exactly what they are getting. This business goal could generate potential customers in the long run through word of mouth and effective advertising as it has many benefits to the customer. It allows customers to try new foods and avoids them been left with a full meal they won’t enjoy which saves them money on wasted food. The customer: The Taster has created a market for several different categories of customers. The individual people that go for lunch or dinner by themselves usually during or after office hours. Families and friends who dine together for lunch or dinner usually on a Sunday, they intend to make Sundays a very family orientated day. Couples usually go out on a Friday or Saturday night for a romantic meal. To encourage as many couples as possible they plan on having a set menu for two people including a bottle of wine. And finally People on a budget, they took into consideration the recession and that a lot of people are on a budget now so they created an early bird menu from Monday to Thursday to cater for these people on a low budget and hopefully fill the restaurant during the week on nights that it wouldn’t necessarily be busy . The Market: The Taster is faced with the exciting opportunity of being the first restaurant to be able to sample the food before ordering. This concept puts them in a great place in the market and gives them the potential to become a huge success. There isn’t a huge market as we can only reach a percentage of the country but there is huge potential for the market to grow at a steady pace as the restaurants expand, every five years if all goes to plan. There is no shortage of restaurants in the Dublin four area, which puts The Taster in a competitive market. According to Porter’s five force model The Taster is structurally attractively as they have an advantage over their rivals in relation to changing price with their set menus and the fact they can differentiate their product from others in the market with similar establishments. Market size: Market context: Here is the pest analysis for The Taster restaurant. All of these factors are inevitable and cannot be changed by the restaurant * The political factors include Government regulations for food preparation has been put to place to ensure the safety of customers in the restaurants. Food safety authority of Ireland has put a procedure called HACCP into place to regulate this. The government have full control over tax and vat rates. For the initial set up of the restaurant high interest rates might discourage us from borrowing money from a financial institution because it costs so much to borrow. * Economic factors are Inflation, which will increase the amount of wages for employees and automatically increase the business expenses as wages is one the highest expenses in a business. Eating ut in restaurants isn’t an essential it’s a luxury that many people in this economic climate cannot avail of as they have lack of disposable income. * Social factors include the huge increase in health awareness and people concern more about their diet and lifestyle. The Taster took this into consideration when creating their menu and included many healthy options to choice from. Over the past few years the media have put a lot of attention on healthy living and healthy life styles. The chefs had to take this into account when we are preparing the food in the kitchen. A lot of woman are now working full and part time and not staying at home so there is a huge decrease in the amount of people cooking at home as it is more convenient to eat out and get take- aways. * Technological factors in the restaurant have made significant changes for example when an employee puts a customer’s order into the till the order is sent directly to the kitchen so it saves time. The process of ordering food is made simply and efficient as the chefs can make food orders online. This allows them to order exact quantities of food at any given stage during the day even on weekends. Handheld computer devises also allows staff members to take orders quicker and not have to write it down, not only does this save on paper it also like the till sends orders directly to kitchen. Competitive positioning and advantage: The Taster’s positioning in the market will generate sales against the competition and give them a competitive edge over the other establishments. By offering the consumers a unique product, along with outstanding service, The Taster will stand out in comparison to the competition which is an attractive prospect for potential investors to the restaurant. Currently there are six other restaurants in the area and we are in direct competition with Casa Pasta Pizza. They also have lunch specials and early bird menus to attract customers. The foods we are providing are very similar because they are both Italian so we have obvious similarities in the menus. The competitors will respond to a new restaurant opening in the market by been even more competitive with prices, quality and the service. They have an advantage over the direct competition that competes with what they are offering as they have a unique set up in the restaurant as it provides customers with samples of the food. They also have the advantage that they have a variety of food menus on offer to compete in the recession and cater for most people’s budgets. The one disadvantage that The Taster has over the competition is that the other restaurants are well known and well established in the market place and have a regular customer base. Competitive Advantage: As mentioned above The Taster intends on competing with the competition by been unique, competitively priced, produce dishes from the finest freshest ingredients and serve the dishes with the highest standard of quality. Risk Factors: Risk| Comment/mitigation| What if there are customers that come in and try our food and samples and walk out? | We will not only rethink the way we produce our cuisine, but we will also rethink how we make our dining service more attractive. | What if a lot of disinterested passers are attracted by the offer and will go in and take the food samples and are generally being very messy? | They will have to look into hiring security in order to manage any antics that might occur from the disinterested people. | How will the restaurant fair with the Italian restaurant across the road and the ones in town? This risk is somehow too vague to consider quite just yet, although it will turn into a concern later on. | What will happen if the restaurant can’t manage to balance revenue from our expenses? | This is a possible problem that may occur in the early stages of the business if they don’t manage their expenses well. | What will happen if the main suppliers go out of business for whatever reasons? | They will have to figure out a way of contracting a back-up supplier in the likely event of something as unfortunate ever happening. | Exit Strategy The Exit Strategy is one of the most important parts in the business. The company needs to ensure that the exit of the company and handing it over to another investor is successful. A plan has to be put into place to make the transition successful according to the company’s circumstances and any requirements that an individual shareholders of the company may have. Assuming The Taster turns into a successful business they intend on selling all of their assets and dividing the finance accumulated among the shareholders in proportion with the money they initially invested into the company. They are assuming they won’t be in debt and each shareholder receives a desirable profit from the business venture. The Taster exit strategy could be due to the liquidation of the company, the sale of the company or the strategic alliance with a partnering company. Although they are assuming they will be success they have to discuss all possibilities and outcomes with the investors to show them what will happen in the worst case scenario and inform them of all risks that are attached. The investors will review all risks and rewards and make a final decision if they want to invest into the company. How to cite Restaurant Business Plan, Papers

The Classical Western Essay Example

The Classical Western Essay Film genres vary from a range of different aspects such as categories, classifications or groups of films that are persistent and have similar or common identifiable patterns. For example syntax, filmic techniques or conventions. This includes one or more of the following setting, content and subject matter, theme, period, plot, central narrative, motif, styles, structures, situations, recurring, icons, stock character and stars many movies overlap quite a few film genres. Westerns are the main significant genre of the American film industry. They are one of the oldest, generally lasting genres with extremely recognisable plots, elements and characters, (Six guns, horses, dusty, towns and trails). Since the olden days, western have been reconstructed in many ways and drawn out. It portrays the conquest of the wilderness and nature. Western movies also refer back to the colonial period, this gives us a chance to interpret different context and develop our own view of modern movies to western. It is most definite one of the most artistic exploration of the Western time, as it redefines its past aspirations and ideas. We will write a custom essay sample on The Classical Western specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Classical Western specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Classical Western specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer High Noon One of the most popular, carefully shot and highly stylised movies is High Noon .It owes its popularity to suspense in the real sense which is very extraordinary and appealing to audiences and also its theme tune. The cultural form of this movie symbolises the western atmosphere. Features such as the photograph of the old civil war are a sign of reflecting the historical subjects of western time. The Pro-Filmic Codes are everything that happens in front of the camera. Such as the setting of the scene and features which are included in the scene. In High Noon the pro filmic codes include the tumbleweed, which is a representation of how deserted the area was in western times. It highlights the fact of isolation. Guns portrayed the action/violence of the characters and everyone was influenced of the fact that if you possess a gun you are a cowboy. So, there were basically influenced by wanting their position in society and reputation. Dress Code included the typical cowboy hats, boots and coats. The heros will wear light colours and outstanding ones however villains will be in darker colours to outline their negative role. Women wore dresses covering themselves mostly, however they had a very forward and bold look to them as of their tight braziers, which reflected more of an open look towards them. I think their look was the first change since the Elizabethan women and what the y used to wear. Saloon was one of the most socializing places of western towns. As the men used to drink, play cards, fight and pay visits to the whorehouses mostly situated upstairs. Church is the place of worship, which existed for Christians. The people in High Noon would mostly use it for confession and to wash away their sins. In High Noon, the sheriffs office was one of the most seen places in the movie as it came into a lot of use because of the villains. Also because the Sheriff was the hero and everything mostly revolved around his actions. Stables, horse posts and coaches were the most used transportation in the Western times. Another main place in High Noon is the train station every larger city had a station. The barbershop and general store are not shown in the movie much but was essential to a westernised movie. It was more of a socializing place as people used to gossip about others. In the movie Kanes wife Amy awaits her husband in the hotel, where she find out more gossip about her husband from one of the hotel workers. High Noon has one hero, one main villain and his helpers. Filmic Codes are technical Codes such as dialogue. One of the interesting techniques used in this movie was in fact to have the sequence of events occur in the real time. When a clock is shown in a scene, an event the audience expects to occur at another given time will occur that number of minutes later in the movie. This particular factor time is a filmic code of the movie. The colour of the movie, which is Black and White, is there to capture the atmosphere of old civil war photographs. The Theme and the music are based on the western image. It has a theme tune which persistently whines its way into the subconscious. The Southern Dialogue is an identifying tool of the characters; it helps us understand the nature of the people and their upbringing. A further filmic code shines all the way through at the station, when Helen Wills mature mistress boards the train. She notices the coming of Frank Miller-first seen from behind to build curiosity and enlarge tension and anticipation an d then seen with a close-up of his acne-scarred face. Establishing shots includes the crane shot, just before the final gunfight. The shot backs up and raises, and we see the character totally alone and isolated on the street. The entire town has deserted him. Through this event normal life has been disturbed .All of the given technical Codes are organised one after the other to create an abrupt feeling of a westernised movie. They all follow through an important role to fulfil a western genre. It probably works best as a thriller as it builds to a climax, but the ending of this is a bit unsatisfactory. The Theme of this movie includes the basics of a western movie. Violence, conflicts, marriage, sacrifice, death and love. The Sheriff gets married but after feels that he wants to give up his status as he wants to move on in life and enjoy his life. He is to weak to fulfil this wish, it is a story of a man who was to proud to run .The Villains get out of prison and after the sheriff is isolated as the town folks want him to leave. However, he cant because he has got responsibilities like his own wife and the societys protection. Many of the frightened, self-servicing and gutless townspeople are leaving in order to be absent when Miller shows up. The Showdown includes the high-awaited climax, which was a bit disappointing. The Hero wins, he disdainfully looks around reaches for his tin badge, takes it ff and drops it into the dusty street and turn to leave. He not only throws way his badge but his responsibility of the people. Magnificent 7 The Story of this movie is very similar to a Chinese film called Seven Samurai. A peasant village in Northern Mexico hires American gun fighters to fight off Calveras forty thieves. Pro-filmic codes, its a village, which is set in Mexico. There are Farmers who are dressed in white to show their innocence and no mean for harm to others .A Church, which is worn out, and old just like the rest of the village. This shows the poverty and their living standards. A pub, which is not like a saloon in the normal westerns. It was more like an open aired space, where people could sit anywhere in peace mostly outside on the terrace. Only the Magnificent 7 or the bandits used horses. Then we have the dress code of the Magnificent 7, which were all different as it reflects their individuality. Yul Brynner (Chris) is dressed in black portraying his dark past. Vin, dressed in white/ brown clothes showing more of a positive background. There are 7 heroes and one main villain with his fellow bandits. Filmic Codes, the movie is in colour. The wide shot used at the start of the introduction of the village is very informative as it shows what the features are of the village and gives us a clear idea of the village. Spanish language, this reflects the context and the dialogue. The theme music is by Elmer Bernstein. There is one theme tune played for the heroes and a different one for the villains, this reflects the difference of character. Chris, a leader, probably a noble fighter who comes across danger a lot. This is why he has earned the confidence in understanding his emotions and problematic situations. Vin, a competent person with a weapon he is defiantly similar to a cowboy. He likes the fact of being independent but wants to settle down and live his own way. Chico, he is the youngest of the seven also the most innocent and inexperienced. He wants to forget his past, which revolved around farming and wants to prove himself of being a fighter like the others. Bernardo, is a brawny solitary man that is a lot like Chris however does not seem to be as eager to lead. He is a very intriguing character and very unique. He has earned a bit of money from his past but has nothing now. The concentration he gives to the local community gives us an idea of his goodness and that he can part both violence and decency. This is what becomes a very important issue near the end as he runs to save the village children but unfortunately is killed by doing so. Lee is a very tricky character to understand. He seems to be the hard and strong gunman who used to be selfish and arrogant. But after so many years having understood life in a different way makes him realise his weaknesses. He really wants to do the right thing but finds it so hard to do it when it comes to the time. Britt is an outsider who is plainly misunderstood. He is someone whos thinking remains to him. Harry is a decent man but lets tings influence his decisions easily. He is like someone who is so close to get what he wants but always makes the mistake to step back. Its always like he has got it but refuses to take it. The chief of the bandits is Calvera who is not a contrasting fellow. He believes that his job is to steal and rob in order to provide himself and his men. The theme of this movie is a conflict between farmers and bandits, the farmers hire gunfighters. Seven heroes are hired to protect the village, first invasion of bandits is not successful and the heroes succeed. Bandits find another access to the village. The Bandits prepare a trap, which the heroes fall for. Heroes pride is hurt. This encourages them to fight back; it leads onto the showdown in the village. The Heroes win although 4 die and 3 survive. Village is saved, and then we are portrayed with the theme of love. As one of the heroes, Chico stays as he has fallen in love with one of the farmers daughters. Chris and Vin leave the village. Once upon a time in the West It is a spaghetti western as it is influenced by an Italian culture. The director himself is Italian too. It tells a story of five characters all entangled by possessions just prepared valuable by the railroad. Pro-Filmic Codes. Deserted Train Station this is ironic as it is a public place and hardly ever is deserted. There is a house, which is situated away from the town itself, The McBain property. Which the villains, Frank and Morton plan to take it. Harmonica and Cheyenne are the two heroes, as Harmonica is trying to get revenge on Frank and Cheyenne is blamed for killing the McBain family and for its own goodness he wants to try to find out who the real killer is. The real hero of the movie is in fact Jill McBain who is the beautiful prostitute who married Bratt McBain. To take revenge for her familys outcome she stays in the house and does not leave the town. She even has sexual contact with Frank but only to get closer to her enemy. Filmic Codes, this movie is in colour. The cinematography is excellent. Wide shots of the stunning, open rural area lends to the impressive classical feel. To portray feelings and emotions, close ups were used rather than dialogues. The movie travels very gradually and in a very spectacular and heroic way. We are presented with 3 men with weapons s the train station with backgrounded noises for example the creaking of the windmills. There is a zoom in on the mens faces as the train arrives at the station. The theme music include the Harmonica, this again outlines the western influence also the guitar, banjo and romantic theme. The use of natural sounds is very good for example the flight of birds and the horses. The theme includes death, revenge and nature. Long opening scene introducing the 3 villains and 1 hero. Villains kill McBain family except the wife who is not present. After death, the townsfolks gather around the McBain property. Jill McBain arrives at her house seeing the people of the town surrounding the dead bodies. She swears revenge. Cheyenne is introduced as the second hero and he encounters with Jill at her house. He also meets Harmonica. They think of a plan to save the property, this links onto the showdown where eye shots are used frequently. Heroes win and the 2 villains die. Revenge comes to an end. Over the time, we have developed our understanding of movies which are very different in many ways whether it be the way the characters are introduces, how long the introductory scene is and what other things such as noises we should take into consideration. There is something in every movie, which is unique; there is always one aspect of what difference it makes to others. That is why every movie varies because they advance from each other, which develops, into a more and more altered way of viewing cinema. The Generic Conventions and themes influence the characters, plot and themes. It is what makes the movie, a movie. Without these things there wouldnt be an understanding between the features so it wouldnt flow. This develops through language, music, characterisation and classifications.